Industrial Electronic Repairs

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There are many aspects of the electronics business. They include the sales and installation of the electronic equipment, as well as its monitoring and evaluation. Industrial electronic repairs form that branch of business that handles the different facets of manufacturing. Industrial electronic repair forms an essential part of all maintenance schedules of the manufacturing companies. Else, the personnel trained for the repairs of electronic equipment get occupied when an electronic equipment stops working.

Generally, a thin line of demarcation is present between what is called industrial electronic repairs and domestic electronic repairs; this is because of the vast variety of industrial equipment. A number of industrial manufacturers and other kinds of businesses generally employ a number of electronic machines necessarily required to keep their businesses running efficiently. Some such machines and equipment for that purpose are printed circuit boards, tool controls and electronic control for temperature, timers and computers.

One very important aspect of industrial electronic repairs is to diagnose the fault in order to assess the status of the faulty electronic apparatus, and thus to identify the components necessarily needed to bring it back to working order. The precise way of repairing the electronic equipment varies with the company and its business strategy. One can find many online companies undertaking such repairs. Some of those companies may be outsourcing their services to qualified and competent repairers, working as independent contractors or working with professional companies. Industrial electronic repair could also imply replacing older or obsolete electronic equipment with new, more modern and more efficient models. In the present competitive world, such replacement often becomes necessary to get an edge over the competitors by enhancing the productivity to quickly produce more accurate and efficient equipment.

Some electronic equipment repairs may be carried at the premises of the client, while others may need to be carried back to the workshop of the entity undertaking the repairs, in order to diagnose the fault and eliminate it. It all depends on the kind of fault encountered. Companies undertaking repairs may offer various incentives to their clients. Common incentives include free diagnosis, discounts when buying fresh parts, free evaluation and extended warranties on the services provided. Some companies may offer to collect the faulty items from the customer’s premises without any charge, or at nominal expense. Companies offering services of industrial electronic repair could also provide online forms, allowing clients to describe the problem they may be facing, enabling the company’s representative to come better prepared for removing the fault.

Industrial Robots

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Invention of Robots has brought about revolutionary changes in the field of industrial manufacturing. In the earlier part of the century humans were engaged in jobs, which were very dangerous and involved serious health hazards, but in 1956, Unimation a company founded by George Devol and Joseph F. Engelberger invented the first robot. These were initially used in industries where it was required that dangers involved in working should be reduced like in spot welding, die casting and forging and then gradually they were employed in areas requiring greater strength and accuracy than human beings.

Industrial Robots are automatic devices, which to an extent simulate the human behavior or more specifically human activity. Robots are important part of the science of Automation. Automation involves machines and computers that are capable of learning and performing various types of operations. The word robot has been derived from the Czech word “robota” meaning compulsory labor. The robots are used in industries to perform various functions like material handling, spot welding, spray painting, die casting, ironing, forging, assembly operations, palletizing, dispensing, testing, water jet cutting, picking and placing heavy goods etc.

Robots are made in various shapes and sizes and generally their load carrying capacity depends up on their size and strength. An average human sized robot is capable of carrying a load of more than 100 pounds and can also move it very quickly at the rate of +/-0.006 inches. One of their major advantages is that they can work continuously for days and years at a stretch without developing any fault. Due to this persistent accuracy robots are fast becoming indispensable part of various industrial set-ups. Most often these robots are used for repetitive painting, welding and operations like picking up and placing products into the machines.

The industrial robots can be programmed for performing a single function at a time and can only perform that particular function till they are reprogrammed. The cost of a robot is not very huge, but generally the cost of programming the robot is so high that instead of reprogramming it the manufacturers find it more economical to buy a new one for a different task. In simpler terms we can say that usually the cost of the robot is just a fraction of the cost of programming it.

Robots are made up of easily available materials. Steel, cast iron and aluminum are commonly used for making the arms and bases of robots. In mobile robots, rubber tires are fixed for smooth and quiet operation. Robots may be electronically operated and also laser or radio controlled. The exposed parts of the robot are enveloped with flexible neoprene sheaths and bellows.

The importance of robots in industries is increasing day by day and they constitute a very important part of the modern industries. Robots have made so many things possible, which could not be even thought of around 6 decades ago. They have taken the place of manual labor, especially in places where people worked in very dangerous and hazardous conditions like welding, die casting and forging. They have brought about revolutionary changes in the field of industrial manufacturing. According to a research conducted by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe the worldwide purchase for robots is increasing at the rate of approximately 19% every year.

In recent years Robots are also being used in industries like consumer electronics and food packaging where robots outweigh the precision and quality of assembling the products as compared to work done by human hands. Earlier on some people protested the inclusion of robots in industries on the account that this will render many people unemployed. But these fears have also been allayed and the best argument in this regard has been given by economist James Miller. He says “True, the existence of automation might depress workers’ wages but it shouldn’t ever leave them unemployable.”

Engineering Industry

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There are a number of branches of engineering and some like civil, mechanical, chemical, electrical and aerospace are highly popular. Regardless of the branch you may be interested in, becoming an engineer takes a lot of dedication and hard work. If you are interested in engineering as a career, you first need to research the different options at your disposal. Some diverse engineering specialties that you can work in are:

• Aerospace Engineering

Designing, production and testing of airborne vehicles and machines is the foundation of aerospace engineering. As an engineer in this specialty, you may have to design parts for satellites, missiles, rockets and airplanes and then test the air vehicles under several conditions.

• Architectural Engineering

The job of an architectural engineer is to assist architects in designing buildings. While the aesthetics and function of the building is the responsibility of the architect, the engineers are responsible for making the design efficient in its utility needs and physically sound. Green buildings that want to obtain LEED certification are heavily dependent on architectural engineers.

• Bio-engineering

The integration of medicine, biology and engineering for enhancing knowledge and improving human health is bioengineering. Healthcare devices and instruments that can be used for the treatment of diseases are designed by engineers. An excellent example of this engineering is prosthetics, which are customized for each patient.

• Chemical Engineering

The designing and creation of chemicals for serving customer and industrial purposes fall under chemical engineering. The properties of chemicals have to be studied by a chemical engineer to find out its uses. Different aspects of lives are touched by this form of engineering such as food, medicine, construction and industry.

• Civil Engineering

The design of large scale projects that meet the need of communities fall under the head of civil engineering. Some of these projects like bridges, dams, transit systems and roads need engineers to study the use and impact of public projects for providing the best design that is in accordance with the needs of the community.

• Computer and Software Engineer

Developing computer technology for meeting the needs of a user is the job of a computer and software engineer. Servers, computers and communication systems between users are designed by hardware engineer whereas software engineering involves the creation of programs and applications for coming up with new ways of using hardware in order to fulfill the practical needs of the users.

• Environmental Engineers

The combination of chemistry and biology for developing solutions to various environmental problems is defined as environmental engineering. Problems like water and air pollution are tackled by environmental engineers and they develop systems that can eradicate and prevent the sources of pollution. The environmental engineering field has grown rapidly because of environmental consciousness and the growth of green industries.

• Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Factories can be structured in a better way with the help of industrial and manufacturing engineers and they improve production. They design equipment and systems for building projects. It is their job to figure out how factories should be laid out and the machines that should be used for boosting efficiency.

• Electrical Engineering

As the name indicates, electrical engineers develop products that use electricity and other electrical systems. Electrical engineers work in developing a variety of high tech products. When you become an electrical engineer, you may have to work with engineers in other fields of design as well.

• Material Engineering

The development of new materials for meeting the needs of the industry and business is called material engineering. The materials can range from fabrics, plastics, ceramics and metal. Jobs of a material engineer can be found in high tech industries, manufacturing and construction. These engineers combine physics, material science and chemistry.

• Mechanical Engineering

Creating devices and machines is the job of mechanical engineers and it is the oldest and broadest field in the engineering industry. These engineers design manufactured goods by combining chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics and other science field for creating machines that work for mankind.

• Nuclear Engineering

Working and developing devices and systems that use nuclear radiation and energy for performing tasks is the responsibility of nuclear engineers. These engineers are needed in a horde of industries such as space travel, military, healthcare, energy and advanced research.

Before selecting one of the fields in engineering, you have to decide if you have what is needed for becoming an engineer. You have to have a college degree in engineering for becoming a professional. You should always apply to schools that have strong engineering programs in the area you are interested in. Bear in mind that the environment is highly competitive and seats are rather limited. You have to get good grades once you have enrolled in an engineering program. The first and second years are quite tough so outside employment is discouraged during this time because studies have to be the primary focus.

In the third, fourth or fifth year of engineering programs, you will be offered co-ops. Most of them are paid, but there may be unpaid ones. It is important to secure high grades in order to get a co-op. This can go a long way into getting you the related and valid work experience you need for entering the job market and it can help you in getting a job after graduation. When you are near the end of your program, you can seek the assistance of the career development center of your college. They will be able to help you in designing a good resume and direct you to internships and co-ops. This eventually aids you in applying for jobs in the engineering field after you have become qualified.

You can also join a professional engineering association or society, which caters to your particular interest. A large number of networking opportunities are offered by professional organizations, which are excellent for you, whether you are seeking employment or want to advance your career further in the field of engineering. You can be a good engineer as long as you utilize practical knowledge, science and mathematics for solving problems.

Using a Valve Actuator for Ball Valves

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A control valve actuator is used not only for controlling valves but also for precisely regulating their position. By providing compressed air to the piston actuator or diaphragm positioner, an adjustable valve is then adjusted in response to the control signal. In order to ensure the valve does adjust according to the requirements of the control system, the valve positioner is connected to the valve/actuator stem and monitors its position throughout the control process. It is possible to control the valve very precisely based on the feedback of the valve stem position.

Automatic control systems have the following components: a fluid to be controlled, a sensor to determine the process variable, an actuator to modulate the valve, a controller to modulate the actuator, and a control valve to regulate flow.

As the flow of fluids in pipes is controlled by the interplay of these elements, any control system can, in principle, regulate all fluids flowing through pipes using valve automation such as a valve actuator. According to the needs of the process, several different systems can be used depending on how the system is implemented.

Through the use of valve automation, a valve actuator regulates the rate of flow through valves. Consequently, it needs to be designed so that it can withstand all the challenges that may arise while working in the field, and even the most difficult or unusual ones. All valves may not be appropriate for every single conceivable fluid flow condition, and this cannot be stated explicitly. It is imperative that the valves are installed to handle the conditions of operation specified. Over the years, many types of control valves have been developed for use in various applications. There are a number of these types of systems which cover a range of processes in high numbers whilst others have been developed for special requirements.

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It is a general rule that ball valves are used for processes involving hydrocarbon oil and gas, as well as aggressive services where chemicals are present. Ball valves using actuators are usually used to control the flow of steam, rather than to throttle (control flow) using automation. As a result, use of the spherical ball can determine whether the flow is blocked by the inside diameter of the valve. When a hole is drilled into the ball by means of a lever, the hole in the ball will rotate 90°, and the flow will be allowed when the hole through the ball is drilled along the axis of the pipe.

With regard to high-pressure classes of reservoirs, injection lines leading to seawater injections are mixed in with the hydrocarbon services that provide enhanced oil recovery. A ball valve is by far the best valve to use in this type of application since it allows the valve to be switched on/off. In process pumping applications, there are other kinds of valves such as butterfly valves and wedge gate valves that are less robust than ball valves.

A big advantage of ball valves over through conduit gate (TCG) valves is that ball valves are more compact vertically than TCG valves. TCG valves fill up a lot of space vertically. However, their actuation occurs through a vertical mounted actuator that occupies a lot of space horizontally.

Fast opening applications are not suitable for ball valves since the valves open slowly. Generally, it is possible to reduce the opening time of a fail-open actuated valve through installation of a quick exhaust valve on the control panel to release the instrument air from the pneumatic actuator in the fail mode quickly. However, ball-valve seats and disks are in contact during the opening and closing, which can jeopardize the fast opening characteristic.

A smaller stem torque and a larger actuator are also necessary to move the relatively large and heavy ball. Moreover, moving the relatively large and heavy ball may take longer. Ball-valve manufacturers were consulted about the use of soft-seat balls for this application, but the manufacturers felt that the rapid opening of a soft seat ball valve in 2 seconds could lead to the soft seat being damaged due to the repeated contact with the ball.

 

The Most Authoritative Motor Winding Machine Guide

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Introduction

In recent times, there has been a rapid development in the utilization of motor winding machines. As a result of research and development conducted over a long period, these state-of-the-art winding machines were deployed successfully. This is mainly due to the efficiency of energy conversion. In general, these motor winding machines are defined as the wires that are enclosed within coils, typically around with a coated adaptable iron magnetic core, in order to shape magnetic poles while being strengthened by the current [1]. Electric machines come in two basic magnet field pole configurations, named salient pole and non-salient pole. The diagram below illustrates the motor’s windings.

1

                                                                 motor winding

The two-mode pole configuration machine, including salient pole and non-salient pole configuration machines, is utilized for different tasks. The magnetic pole can be generated in the salient pole configuration by exploiting a winding wound approximately underneath the pole face. While in a non-salient pole configuration, the winding can be dispersed within the pole face slots. Additionally, a shaded pole motor involves a winding that is wrapped around the portion of the pole that maintains the magnetic field phase. Also, certain types of motors utilize conductors which is made up of thicker metal, such as sheets of metal, rather than bars made of copper or aluminum. In general, these are programmed with electromagnetic induction.

Types of Winding Machines

There are two types of motor winding which include the following:

  • Stator Winding
  • Rotor Winding

Stator Winding

The stator winding is composed of two identical but distinct three-phase windings wound to the same pole count. Both stators are catered with a uniform frequency [2]. Additionally, these three-phase windings are linked in star or delta configurations which is based on the initiating method.

The star or delta stator enables the motor (which is similar to a squirrel cage) to be frequently on track. Therefore, due to the mutual coupling of the two stator windings, slight unbalances in the supplied voltages cause circulating current. Hence, the stator of the motor can be tied to the delta. Additionally, by including resistance, the slip-ring three-phase induction motor’s stator windings can be linked in star or delta form. Moreover, due to the low resistance to harmonic currents, there is a high level of circulating current when a non-sinusoidal voltage supply is employed, which increases losses and induces the use of wider semiconductor device ratings.

2

                                 Stator Winding (Source: SMT Winding Equipment)

Rotor Winding

In the context of stator winding, rotor winding has a similar shape to the squirrel cage (See figure), which involves conductors that are encased in slots surrounding the laminating iron core. Additionally, the rotor winding is permanently bolted in on itself due to the use of short end rings at the ends of the winding [3]. However, with this design, there is no way to link the rotor to anything outside of the machine. This is one of the relatively simplest and most affordable motors, as it does not require bushes, commutators, or even slip rings, and it has an extended maintenance-free operational life.

3

                                               Rotor Winding (Source: cs.uaf.edu)

The wounding of the armature is referred to as armature winding. The armature winding can be used to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for generators and electrical energy to mechanical energy for motors. Armature windings are categorized into two types based on the motor winding machines.

  • Lap winding
  • Wave winding

Lap Winding

The only type of armature winding is lap winding. The conductor connection can be made in the same manner as the lanes and poles are linked. Additionally, the last part of each armature coil is connected to the commutator. Inside the winding, the number of brushes is equal to the parallel lines [4]. These are evenly split into positive and negative polarity windings. Furthermore, lap windings are mostly used in high-current and low-power machinery. Also, these windings are grouped into three types, including simplex, duplex, and triplex windings.

Wave Winding

Wave winding is comprised of parallel lanes between two brushed surfaces, such as positive and negative. With some distance, the end part of the primary armature coil can be linked with the beginning part of the next armature coil commutator section [5]. In addition, two parallel lanes in a machine pole can connect the conductors in this sort of winding. The parallel ports can be equal in number to the brushes, which is useful for high-voltage and low current devices.

Advantages of Winding Machines

The adoption of motor winding machine has accelerated the growth and development of the coil processing business. The automated winding machine’s streamlined process results in an increase in efficiency, product quality, and non-conforming products. There are many advantages to employing motor winding machines.

  • In general, the winding is difficult and inefficient for manual work. However, the use of motor winding machines can improve efficiency, reduce labor costs, and also help the industry or business develop faster.
  • Honest Mechatronic Equipment [6] The winding speed, number of times, and duration of the automatic winding machine can all be precisely tuned via the PLC controller.
  • Additionally, the cable is compact and clean, with no diameter deformation.
  • According to various control schemes, it can be wound around a range of different windings in the same machine. Individual labor can accomplish the tasks of many people, which greatly improves the efficiency and lowers the cost of the industry.
  • These coil winding devices are more adaptable and diverse than manual competitors. Additionally, they are simple to install and use, with a low failure rate.
  • After basic training, the workshop personnel can operate, which is more humane.

Businesses in the textile and paper sectors frequently operate with large spools of material on a daily basis. However, how does such a large volume of material end up on a spool in the first place? The answer is a winding machine, which can rapidly wind fabric, paper, string, cord, wire, tape, rope, thread, and wire onto an industrial-size spindle as needed. Given the numerous applications for winding machines, different industries are working on the production of motor winding equipment. Some of them are listed below:

  • Shenzhen Honest Mechatronic Equipment
  • Menzel Elektromotoren
  • York Saw and Knife
  • Tuboly Astronic
  • Acme Mechatronics Inc.
  • Gorman Machine

Conclusion

The advancement of winding machines has shifted the gear towards automation, intelligence, consumer-friendly, and diversification. In addition, the motor winding capabilities have enhanced work productivity and the coil industry’s development. As the industry develops, the demands for winding machines are increasing, and there is also a need to develop more efficient, energy-efficient, and adaptable equipment.

References

[1] Takeuchi, Y., & Hiroshi, O. Development of New Type Wire Winding Machines” Inner Wire Winding Machine” and” Work Rotation Type Wire Winding Machine (Vol. 5, No. 5, p. 17). SANYO DENKI Technical Report 1998.

[2] Ishigami, T., Kitamura, M., & Sanada, K. (2008). Stator-Core Structure and Winding Technology for EPS Motors. IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, 128(12), 1411-1417.

[3] Liu, X., & Zhu, Z. Q. (2014). Stator/rotor pole combinations and winding configurations of variable flux reluctance machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(6), 3675-3684.

[4] Ishigami, T., Tanaka, Y., & Homma, H. (2014). Development of Motor Stator with Rectangular‐Wire Lap Winding and an Automatic Process for Its Production. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 187(4), 51-59.

[5] Zhu, L., Jiang, S. Z., Jiang, J. Z., Zhu, Z. Q., & Chan, C. C. (2010). A new simplex wave winding permanent-magnet brushless DC machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 47(1), 252-259.

[6] Shenzhen Honest Mechatronic Equipment. https://en.cnhonest.com.

 

An Introduction of CNC Horizontal Lathe

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CNC machinery plays a crucial part in the manufacturing world, and I won’t be lying if I say the manufacturing industry revolves around CNC machinery.

Over the years, CNC or Computer Numerical Control machines have taken the market single-handedly because they have reduced the manual workload tremendously.

So, let’s begin with what are lathe machines?

Somewhere around 1300 AD, a two-person lathe machine already existed which was created by the Egyptians. Two major primary task got completed with it,

1. Turning off the woodworking piece manually by a rope.

2. Cutting wood in shape by the use of a sharp tool.

As civilization dawned upon us, the machine went through extensive changes. Due to the growth in technology the lathe machine also went through modifications in its traditional system.

The production of rotary motion is the most notable highlight of today’s lathe machines.

They are controlled by a computer with a menu- type interface, they are designed to use carbide tooling/processes, and it’s modern versions.

This is all about what is a lathe machine, so now let’s dig into what is it used for? And where are they used?

They are multi-skilled machines and which are resourceful for a wide range of industrial operations like Acrylic Spinning, Metal Spinning, Metalworking, Woodturning, Thermal Spraying, Pottery and a lot other.

The reason why lathe machines are so extensively used is that they are easy to set-up and its operations are simple.

Automotive, electronic, sporting, manufacturing and firearm are a few industries where they are put to use.

Here are some significant examples of the same-

1. Bowls

2. Cue Sticks

3. Dining Table and Chair Legs

4. Musical Instruments

5. Baseball Bats

6. Cam-shafts

7. Crank-shafts

Even though it’s easy to operate it should be used strictly by professionals.

Now, there are two types of CNC Lathe machine-

Horizontal Lathe and Vertical Lathe

So, here we will extensively talk about CNC horizontal lathe, and its uses.

So, what’s a CNC horizontal lathe?

Wikipedia defines it as “A lathe tool rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation which performs a variety of operations like cutting, sanding, deformation, drilling, facing and turning with the help of tools that are applied to the workpiece for the creation of an object with its symmetry about that axis.”

Well, you must be wondering what parts are used in Horizontal Lathes?

Lathe might or might not have legs which help it to support itself while placed on the floor and levitate the lathe bed to the necessary height needed while working.

It might be small to fit on a workbench or table which is why it doesn’t need to stand on its own.

Almost all the lathes have a bed, that’s a horizontal beam which makes it sure that chips or filling of stones falls off smoothly.

There’s a lot of diversity available in horizontal lathes.

Some of the notable ones are –

  • Ornamental turning lathes
  • Woodworking lathes
  • Glass-working lathes
  • Duplicating lathes
  • Metalworking Lathes
  • Transcription, or recording, lathes

Woodworking lathes are the oldest in the game and are also addressed as turning lathes.

Evolution of the machines has been done in a very promising way.

Metal lathes are an excellent example of horizontal lathes they come in various shapes and size depending on what operations they perform. The drilling machines are a notable tool to which the horizontal lathes are combined.

Technology is getting smarter day by day. Therefore, CNC horizontal lathes are also getting smarter and growing fast, making work considerably easy.

Manufacturer and industrialist are contented to see the production time cutting down due to horizontal lathes.

One person is all that you need to set up and monitor the lathe. The operator is solely responsible for specific tasks for a given period of time.

Lately, CNC horizontal lathes have become more technologically advanced, which didn’t hamper the design.

Horizontal lathe machines or CNC machines, in general, are completely closed, for safety and health purposes.

Most of the horizontal lathes are automatic which requires little to no human involvement. The modern technology programming and automation has resulted in very few errors which increased the production percentage by 25%.

Horizontal lathes have advanced technology and don’t need a regular movement of its parts, or its location. Improvements like these have brought down the delay it used to take in the production.

A Little Knowledge About Differential Pressure Sensor Before Buying It

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Before discussing further about differential pressure sensors, it is better to understand what a pressure sensor is. In theory, pressure is an expression of the force exerted on a surface per unit area. A pressure sensor is a device that converts pressure into small electrical signals that are sent and displayed. The pressure sensor detects pressure and can determine the amount of pressure by measuring the electric charge. Usually, this tool is used to measure the pressure of liquids, air, and other gases. There are several pressure sensor devices that are often applied in the industrial sector; they are Gauge Pressure Sensors, Absolute Pressure Sensors, and Differential Pressure Sensors. The differential pressure sensor works by measuring two sensor differences (high and low) , the value of the pressure difference being the result of the Differential Sensor. It is usually used to measure the pressure level of a substance in a closed tube.

It is very important to understand some important points when choosing a differential pressure sensor. First of all you need to understand that a differential pressure sensor has the task of measuring the difference between two or more pressures level. You need accurate values as input to an industrial process feedback system. The value that appears on the sensor will be valuable data to ensure that the industrial process runs within the desired parameter range.

Thus, differential pressure sensors play an important role in every industrial process to avoid confusion about pressure ratings. The pressure rating describes the difference between pressure values such as gauge pressure or absolute pressure. Highly accurate pressure sensors are indispensable in pressure gauges to protect against extreme environments, such as in industrial of oil, gas and chemical applications; where in these areas the system will definitely experience vibration and corrosion.

Data sources from differential pressure sensors are useful for monitoring pressure in industrial piping systems. The measurement of differential pressure will be the basis for industrial measurements such as flow, altitude, density, viscosity, even for temperature measurement. Differential pressure is not affected by changes in fluid pressure, temperature pressure or other things such as environmental and weather influences. Good differential pressure sensors work by reading the differential pressure accurately, precise parameters, and various influencing factors and sending signals to represent the differential pressure displayed in other places such as the control room.

So, do you want to apply good pressure management to your industry? If yes, then you should use a Differential Pressure Sensor from Strainsense which can be used for various applications including filter blockage detection or HVAC.

Choosing the Best Pressure Sensor

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While choosing the pressure sensor for your design, you have to look for some critical parameters, that are very important. Based on these parameters, you have to choose the available sensors. Of course, you have to look through the economical angle also.

These are the main parameters to look for –

Accuracy – First and foremost parameter is accuracy. What kind of accuracy you are looking for? Is your pressure very dynamic? Changing very fast? Or is the change slow? What is the rate of change? Do you have to continuously monitor the pressure and record the data or you have to measure it periodically? Based on your process, you have to decide, what kind of accuracy you are looking for. This will decide the type of sensors. Sensors are available with 0.5% accuracy to 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.05% accuracy. As the accuracy increases so as the prices.

Output – After you decide the accuracy, you have to look for the kind of output. These sensors come with Voltage and current output.

Sensors with voltage output, are generally used,where the sensors and measuring instrument or Data Acquisition system, both are near to each other. These sensors give out put in mV (millivolt-1000th of a volt) in the range of around 0 – 30 or 100 mv. Some sensors also have internal amplifier that offer output in the range of 0-5V or 0-10V. These kinds of sensors generally use strain gauges. The sensors with inbuilt amplifiers also provide internal zero and span adjustment facility. Though, because of these internal amplifiers, the frequency response is slow.

Sensors with current output are generally used when the distance between sensors and the measuring instrument or Data Acquisition system is more, like in big plants. As the output is in current form, they have high noise immunity. They also provide zero and span adjustment besides offering high frequency response.

Environment – The location of the sensors. This criteria is also very important in deciding the type of sensor. The operating environment will decide the mechanical structure of the sensor. If the sensor has to be used in harsh environment, it will have extra protection and because of these, it will cost more. While the sensors,which are used indoors,cost less.

Fitting – This is also an important factor. How you are going to fit the sensor? Does the sensor come with easy fitting couplings? Or you have to make a spatial mechanical arrangement for fitting? You have to consider all these factors before considering a particular type of pressure sensor which will fit into your design.

Pressure Sensors Work

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Data on the possible applications of pressure transducers is also provided. There are many applications of these devices, especially in the industrial setting although they are also helpful in monitoring the tire pressure of automobiles. A frequent design for them, such as the Keller pressure sensors, is one that makes use of piezoresistive materials. These materials have the unusual characteristic whereby their resistance changes correspondingly with the force or pressure that is applied on them. These materials make up the key component of the sensors, which is the sensing diaphragm. This diaphragm is designed in such a way that its movement depends on the amount of pressure that is applied. However, it is also common for people to inquire on “how do pressure sensors work?,” because they realize that they are part of the systems for continuously monitoring the pressure of their car tires.

For those who are inquiring “how do pressure sensors work?” and are also interested on the mechanisms of the tire pressure sensor, this is a kind of technology that is designed for safety. It warns the driver in the event of a low tire pressure. This type of tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) was mandated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for all vehicles that are sold after 2008. There are two categories for TPMS and these are the direct and indirect systems. The direct TPMS has pressure transducers installed for every tire to constantly check on the tire pressure. However the indirect TMPS calculates the air pressure in the tire by measuring other variables, including the tires’ revolution per minute.

They can be of various kinds and include the differential, gauge, air, piezoresistive, digital, vacuum, and absolute pressure sensor. However, one of the most common designs uses piezoresistive materials, which means that the current is directly proportional to the pressure applied. The material is normally utilized is the semiconductor silicon. Several thin wafers of silicon are sandwiched in between protective materials.

So, how do pressure sensors work when they are specifically applied for ensuring that car tire pressure is within the proper range? Well, there are two basic components of the direct TPMS and these are the radio transmitter for sending the collected information to the vehicle’s on-board computer and the pressure sensor that is placed within the tire rim. Radio transmission is through the car antenna, which detects the signals and then routes them to the central monitoring system. However, for the indirect type of TPMS, the pressure transducers are not needed. The amount of pressure in the tires is estimated by determining the diameters of the tires. In turn, the diameters of the tires are calculated by using the rotational speed as input. If the on-board computer detects a somewhat faster rotational speed for one of the tires, it warns the driver that this particular tire has a lower air pressure because it has a smaller diameter.

The Kinds of Sensors

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Temperature sensors are the most common type of sensors. They are meant to detect temperature or heat. There are simple on/off type thermostatic devices which are used in domestic hot water systems. The highly efficient temperature sensor is used to process control furnace plants. The amount of heat will be measured by an object or system and physical change to the temperature will be measured, and either analogue or digital output will be produced.

Temperature digital panel meter is the most versatile meter in the market. The temperature meter can be used to process a wide variety of processes and applications. There are meters where the intensity of the display can be adjusted as per the ambient light. If there is direct sunlight, the visibility will be reduced. The control push buttons can be used so that programming and setup can be accomplished in an effortless manner. The temperature can be measured in either degree Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. There are low-cost temperature digital panels as well as expensive digital panels. There are meters which come with large displays so that you can find the reading from a distance very easily.

Angle measurement – The angle or slope can be measured in a very efficient way with the help of an inclinometer. The digital inclinometer manufactured by a reputed brand will fulfill your needs in a very efficient manner. You should go through the wide range of digital inclinometers, slope meters and digital display units which are meant for inclinometer sensors.

The products can be customized as per your needs. If you would like to use the meter for a specific purpose, you can go for customized meters. There are standalone products as well as battery-powered inclinometers. Some units come with a display built into the product. There are units with separate sensors and remote display units.

Pressure sensors – There are different kinds of pressure sensors. The classification of pressure sensors will take place on various parameters. There are temperature ranges of operation which will guide you to choose the best pressure as per the conditions. The pressure sensor will deliver reading when pressure is applied to the sensor. The sensor will break when it crosses the designated pressure. If you go for an Absolute pressure sensor the measurement of pressure will take place relative to perfect vacuum. In case of gauge pressure sensor, the measurement will be relative to perfect vacuum.

Load sensors – By using a Load sensor, you can measure events or changes in the environment. The information will be sent to the processor so that it will be processed further. The actuator will get a signal from the computer, and the corresponding output will be produced. By using the sensor, the signal will be converted from analog to digital in an efficient way. There are sensitive sensors which can be used for special applications. In case of a biosensor, the analysis will be done by a biological component. Biological sensors are present in all living organisms. A chemical sensor will provide the chemical proposition of environment.